Notes
[1] This engraving is after a picture by William Bellers. NORMAN G. BRETT-JAMES, The Fortification of London in 1642/3, (London Topographical Society, 1928).
[2] A second, unidentified, engraving appears in CLAIRE DAUNTON (editor), The London Hospital Illustrated 250 Years, (London, 1990), page 36.
[3]. CLAIRE DAUNTON (editor), The London Hospital Illustrated 250 Years, (London, 1990), page 36.
[4] The Illustrated London News of 28 April 1860, volume 36, no. 1028, page 416.
[5] Calender of State Papers, Domestic, Charles I, 1641-43, page 369.
[6] Tract, dated 25 October 1642, printed in London for T. Smith. Taken from NORMAN G. BRETT-JAMES, The Growth of Stuart London, (London, 1935), page 269.
[7] Thomason Tracts, Index, I. 185, No. E. 124 (12).
[8] W. F. GRIMES, The Excavation of Roman and Mediaeval London, (London, 1968), page 88.
[9] E. S. DE BEER (editor), The Diary of John Evelyn, (Oxford, 1955), Vol. II, page 80.
[10] NORMAN G. BRETT-JAMES, The Growth of Stuart London, (London, 1935), page 269.
[11] EDWARD, EARL OF CLARENDON, The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, (Oxford, 1958), Vol. III, page 34.
[12] Journals of the Court of Common Council, 40, f. 52.
[13] House of Commons Journals, ii. 993, taken from NORMAN G. BRETT-JAMES, The Growth of Stuart London, (London, 1935), page 272.
[14] Calender of State Papers, Venetian, 1642-43, Vol. 26, page 252.
[15] Ibid., page 256.
[16] Ibid., page 274.
[17] Mercurius Civicus, 4 May to 16 June 1643, taken from JOHN JUERGEN SCHROEDER, London and the Civil Wars, (University of Wisconsin, 1954), page 251.
[18] Perfect Diurnall of Some Passages in Parliament, May 1643, taken from NORMAN G. BRETT-JAMES, The Fortification of London in 1642/3, (London Topographical Society, 1928), page 11.
[19] Ibid., page 11 - 12.
[20] Calender of State Papers, Venetian, 1642-43, Vol. 26, page 273.
[21] WILLIAM LITHGOW, The Present Surveigh At London, reprinted in LIEUTENANT-COLONEL W. G. ROSS, R.E., Military Engineering during the Great Civil War, 1642-9, (London, 1984), Appendix A, page 81.
[22] Ibid., page 81.
[23] LIEUTENANT-COLONEL W. G. ROSS, R.E., Military Engineering during the Great Civil War, 1642-9, (London, 1984), Plate I, page 126.
[24] MUSEUM OF LONDON ARCHAEOLOGY SERVICES, London Hospital Medical College, An Archaeological Post-excavation Assessment, (November 1994), page 19.
[25] Ibid., page 19.
[26] S. WARD, Excavations at Chester, The Civil War Siegeworks 1642-6, (Chester City Council and Grosvenor Museum, 1987), pages 30 - 33.
[27] Calender of State Papers, Domestic, Charles I, 1645-47, Vol. DXIII, page 380.
[28] G. VERTUE, Plan of the City of London as fortified by Order of Parliament in the years 1642 and 1643, (1738), Amended by Cromwell Mortimer M.D. in 1746, Kings Topographical Collection, Vol. XX, No. 16.
[29] Ibid.
[30] MUSEUM OF LONDON ARCHAEOLOGY SERVICES, London Hospital Medical College, An Archaeological Post-excavation Assessment, (November 1994), page 19.
[31] VICTOR SMITH & PETER KELSEY, The Lines of Communication: The Civil War Defences of London, in STEPHEN PORTER (editor), London and the Civil War, (London, 1996), page 142.
[32] WILLIAM LITHGOW, The Present Surveigh At London, reprinted in LIEUTENANT-COLONEL W. G. ROSS, R.E., Military Engineering during the Great Civil War, 1642-9, (London, 1984), Appendix A, page 86.
[33] Ibid., page 80.
[34] Thomason Tracts, E. 669, f.5 (87), taken from NORMAN G. BRETT-JAMES, The Growth of Stuart London, (London, 1935), page 292.
[35] WILLIAM LITHGOW, The Present Surveigh At London, (London, 1643), taken from BRIAN MANNING, The English People and the English Revolution, (London, 1991), page 283.
[36] Letter Book of the Common Council of the City of London, QQ, f. 148b, taken from VICTOR SMITH & PETER KELSEY, The Lines of Communication: The Civil War Defences of London, in STEPHEN PORTER (editor), London and the Civil War, (London, 1996), page 142.
[37] Journals of the House of Commons, ii, 993, taken from NORMAN G. BRETT-JAMES, The Fortification of London in 1642/3, (London Topographical Society, 1928), page 7.
[38] G. VERTUE, Plan of the City of London as fortified by Order of Parliament in the years 1642 and 1643, (1738), Amended by Cromwell Mortimer M.D. in 1746, Kings Topographical Collection, Vol. XX, No. 16.
[39] Journals of the House of Commons, ii, 993, taken from NORMAN G. BRETT-JAMES, The Fortification of London in 1642/3, (London Topographical Society, 1928), page 8.
[40] Calender of State Papers, Domestic, Charles I, 1645-47, Vol. DXIII, pages 380-381.
[41] S. PORTER, Property destruction in Civil War London, Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, 35 (1984), pages 59-62, taken from VICTOR SMITH & PETER KELSEY, The Lines of Communication: The Civil War Defences of London, in STEPHEN PORTER (editor), London and the Civil War, (London, 1996), page 142.
[42] Public Record Office, SP24/11, f.118; SP24/36 Brand versus Reynolds, taken from STEPHEN PORTER, Destruction in the English Civil Wars (London, 1994), page 97.
[43] H. M. COLVIN (General Editor), D. R. RANSOME, and JOHN SUMMERSON, The History of the King's Works, Volume III, 1485 - 1660 (Part 1), (H.M.S.O., London, 1975), page 158.
[44] NORMAN G. BRETT-JAMES, The Growth of Stuart London, (London, 1935), page 293.
[45] Calender of State Papers, Venetian, 1642-43, Vol. 26, page 257.
[46] STEPHEN PORTER (editor), London and the Civil War, (London, 1996), page 8.
[47] S. R. GARDINER, History of the Great Civil War, Volume One 1642- 44, (London, 1987), pages 144-146.
[48] WILLIAM MAITLAND, History of London, (London, 1775), volume I, page 371.
[49] Orders to be observed...23 May 1644, Civil War Tracts, Hull Reference Library, taken from WILFRID EMBERTON, Skippon's Brave Boys, (Buckingham, 1984), page 70.
[50] PETER GAUNT, The Cromwellian Gazetteer, (Gloucester, 1987), page 18.
[51] IAN GENTLES, Political Funerals during the English Revolution, in STEPHEN PORTER (editor), London and the Civil War, (London, 1996), pages 216-217.
[52] Calender of State Papers, Venetian, 1647-52, Vol. 28, page 17.
[53] VICTOR SMITH & PETER KELSEY, The Lines of Communication: The Civil War Defences of London, in STEPHEN PORTER (editor), London and the Civil War, (London, 1996), page 144.
[54] Calender of State Papers, Venetian, 1647-52, Vol. 28, page 17.
[55] A. E. CLARK-KENNEDY, The London - A Study in the Voluntary Hospital System, Volume One, 1740-1840, (London, 1962), page 113.
[56] DANIEL DEFOE, A Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain, (Penguin, London, 1971), page 291.
[57] G. VERTUE, Plan of the City of London as fortified by Order of Parliament in the years 1642 and 1643, (1738), Amended by Cromwell Mortimer M.D. in 1746, Kings Topographical Collection, Vol. XX, No. 16.
[58] A. E. CLARK-KENNEDY, The London - A Study in the Voluntary Hospital System, Volume One, 1740-1840, (London, 1962), pages 112- 113.
[59] Ibid., page 113.
[60] Ibid., page 115.
[61] Ibid., page 117.
[62] Ibid., page 123.
[63] Ibid., page 123.
[64] Ibid., page 124.
[65] Ibid., page 145.
[66] Ibid., page 145.
[67] CLAIRE DAUNTON (editor), The London Hospital Illustrated 250 Years, (London, 1990), page 11.
[68] A note signed "P. N. Crowther, Comptroller" and dated 19 March 801. London Borough of Tower Hamlets, Bancroft Library.
[69] The Illustrated London News of 28 April 1860, volume 36, no. 1028, page 416.
[70] A. E. CLARK-KENNEDY, The London - A Study in the Voluntary Hospital System, Volume One, 1740-1840, (London, 1962), page 194.
[71] Rocque's Map of London, 1746, published as The A to Z of Georgian London, (London Topographical Society, 1982).
[72] Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, MS 613.
[73] DAVID STURDY, The London Archaeologist, Winter 1975, Vol. 2, No. 13, page 336.
[74] PAMELA GREENWOOD and CATH MALONEY (editors), London Fieldwork and Publication Round-up 1995, London Archaeologist Vol. 8, supplement 1 (1996).
[75] WILLIAM LITHGOW, The Present Surveigh At London, reprinted in LIEUTENANT-COLONEL W. G. ROSS, R.E., Military Engineering during the Great Civil War, 1642-9, (London, 1984), Appendix A, pages 85-86.
[76] Calender of State Papers, Venetian, 1642-43, Vol. 26, page 252.
[77] VALERIE PEARL, London and the Outbreak of the Puritan Revolution - City Government and National Politics, 1625-43, (Oxford, 1961), page 263.
Primary Sources
Documents
Calender of State Papers, Domestic, Charles I, 1641-43.
Calender of State Papers, Domestic, Charles I, 1645-47.
Calender of State Papers, Venetian, 1642-43.
Calender of State Papers, Venetian, 1647-52.
Journals of the Court of Common Council
Thomason Tracts (various).
Maps
JOHN ROCQUE, Map of London, 1746, The A to Z of Georgian London, (London Topographical Society, 1982).
WILLIAM STUCKLEY, British Coins, (1720).
G. VERTUE, Plan of the City of London as fortified by Order of Parliament in the years 1642 and 1643, (1738).
Books
DANIEL DEFOE, A Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain, (Penguin, London, 1971 edition).
EDWARD, EARL OF CLARENDON, The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, (Oxford, 1958 edition).
WILLIAM LITHGOW, The Present Surveigh At London, (London, 1643, reprinted as Appendix A in LIEUTENANT-COLONEL W. G. ROSS, R.E., Military Engineering during the Great Civil War, 1642-9, London, 1984 edition).
Secondary Sources
Journals
The Illustrated London News.
The London Archaeologist.
Books / Publications
E. S. DE BEER (editor), The Diary of John Evelyn, (Oxford, 1955).
NORMAN G. BRETT-JAMES, The Fortification of London in 1642/3, (London Topographical Society, 1928).
NORMAN G. BRETT-JAMES, The Growth of Stuart London, (London, 1935).
A. E. CLARK-KENNEDY, The London - A Study in the Voluntary Hospital System, (London, 1962).
H. M. COLVIN (General Editor), D. R. RANSOME, and JOHN SUMMERSON, The History of the King's Works, 1485 - 1660, (H.M.S.O., London, 1975).
CLAIRE DAUNTON (editor), The London Hospital Illustrated 250 Years, (London, 1990).
WILFRID EMBERTON, Skippon's Brave Boys, (Buckingham, 1984).
S. R. GARDINER, History of the Great Civil War, (London, 1987 edition).
PETER GAUNT, The Cromwellian Gazetteer, (Gloucester, 1987).
PAMELA GREENWOOD and CATH MALONEY (editors), London Fieldwork and Publication Round-up 1995, (London Archaeologist Vol. 8, supplement 1, 1996).
W. F. GRIMES, The Excavation of Roman and Mediaeval London, (London, 1968).
HUBERT LLEWELLYN-SMITH, The History of East London - From the Earliest Times to the End of the Eighteenth Century, (London, 1939).
WILLIAM MAITLAND, History of London, (London, 1775 edition).
BRIAN MANNING, The English People and the English Revolution, (London, 1991).
MUSEUM OF LONDON ARCHAEOLOGY SERVICES, London Hospital Medical College, An Archaeological Post-excavation Assessment, (November 1994).
VALERIE PEARL, London and the Outbreak of the Puritan Revolution - City Government and National Politics, 1625-43, (Oxford, 1961).
STEPHEN PORTER, Destruction in the English Civil Wars (London, 1994).
STEPHEN PORTER (editor), London and the Civil War, (London, 1996).
STEPHEN PORTER, The Great Fire of London, (London, 1996).
KEITH ROBERTS, London and Liberty, (Leigh-on-Sea, 1987).
LIEUTENANT-COLONEL W. G. ROSS, R.E., Military Engineering during the Great Civil War, 1642-9, (London, 1984 edition).
ANDREW SAUNDERS, Fortress Britain - Artillery Fortification in the British Isles and Ireland, (Liphook, Hants., 1989).
JOHN JUERGEN SCHROEDER, London and the Civil Wars, (University of Wisconsin, 1954).
JOHN STOW, A Survey of London Written in the Year 1598, (London, 1994 edition).
S. WARD, Excavations at Chester, The Civil War Siegeworks 1642-6, (Chester City Council and Grosvenor Museum, 1987)
© Copyright David Flintham 1999